Tier 1 — strongest a-priori hypotheses
1. Late-team-news lineup deltas on top-5 league 1X2 / AH
Hypothesis: when a key player is announced in or out 30–60 minutes pre-kickoff, the bookmaker-implied probability moves slowly relative to the true impact. A bottom-up player-rating model that prices a starting-XI delta in real time can beat the close on the 30–60 minute window after team news drops.
Why it might work: most bookmaker pricing is anchored on team-level ratings; lineup-aware adjustments are second-order in many shops' pipelines. Sharp books reprice fast, but soft books and markets just before kickoff are slower. The market for star-player absences is somewhat priced; the market for combinations (key player out + tactical replacement + change of system) is not.
What we'd need: a real-time XI feed (engineering-heavy on the cheap path), a calibrated player-rating-to-team-strength mapping, and a model that beats the team-strength baseline before lineup deltas are added.
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